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Android编译过程详解(二)
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通过上篇文章Android编译过程详解(一),我们分析了编译android时source build/envsetup.sh和lunch命令,在执行完上述两个命令后, 我们就可以进行编译android了。

1、 make

执行make命令的结果就是去执行当前目录下的Makefile文件,我们来看下它的内容:

1 ### DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE ###
    2 include build/core/main.mk
    3 ### DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE ###

呵呵,看到上面 的内容,我们都会笑,这是我见过简单的Makefile了,我们再看下build/core/main.mk

在main.mk里,定义了变量TOPDIR,TOP为当前目录,BUILD_SYSTEM为build/core目录。

在49行,包含了build/core/config.mk文件。

后面的代码是check环境 变量,所有的Makefile都通过build/core/main.mk这个文件组织在一起,它定义了一个默认goals:droid,当我们在TOP目录下,敲Make实际上就等同于我们执行make droid。当Make include所有的文件,完成对所有make我文件的解析以后就会寻找生成droid的规则,依次生成它的依赖,直到所有满足的模块被编译好,然后使用相应的工具打包成相应的img。这儿不是我们的重点,不再多说。

2、 build/core/config.mk

该文件被main.mk包含。

定义了以下环境变量:

16 SRC_HEADERS := \
    17 $(TOPDIR)system/core/include \
    18 $(TOPDIR)hardware/libhardware/include \
    19 $(TOPDIR)hardware/libhardware_legacy/include \
    20 $(TOPDIR)hardware/ril/include \
    21 $(TOPDIR)dalvik/libnativehelper/include \
    22 $(TOPDIR)frameworks/base/include \
    23 $(TOPDIR)frameworks/base/opengl/include \
    24 $(TOPDIR)external/skia/include
    25 SRC_HOST_HEADERS:=$(TOPDIR)tools/include
    26 SRC_LIBRARIES:= $(TOPDIR)libs
    27 SRC_SERVERS:= $(TOPDIR)servers
    28 SRC_TARGET_DIR := $(TOPDIR)build/target
    29 SRC_API_DIR := $(TOPDIR)frameworks/base/api
    .....然后定义了下面几个重要的编译命令 43 CLEAR_VARS:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/clear_vars.mk
    44 BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_static_library.mk
    45 BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_shared_library.mk
    46 BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/static_library.mk
    47 BUILD_RAW_STATIC_LIBRARY := $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/raw_static_library.mk
    48 BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/shared_library.mk
    49 BUILD_EXECUTABLE:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/executable.mk
    50 BUILD_RAW_EXECUTABLE:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/raw_executable.mk
    51 BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_executable.mk
    52 BUILD_PACKAGE:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/package.mk
    53 BUILD_HOST_PREBUILT:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_prebuilt.mk
    54 BUILD_PREBUILT:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/prebuilt.mk
    55 BUILD_MULTI_PREBUILT:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/multi_prebuilt.mk
    56 BUILD_JAVA_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/java_library.mk
    57 BUILD_STATIC_JAVA_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/static_java_library.mk
    58 BUILD_HOST_JAVA_LIBRARY:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/host_java_library.mk
    59 BUILD_DROIDDOC:= $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/droiddoc.mk
    60 BUILD_COPY_HEADERS := $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/copy_headers.mk
    61 BUILD_KEY_CHAR_MAP := $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/key_char_map.mk

上述命令变量其实是对应的mk文件名,所有的Android.mk文件里基本上都包含上述命令变量,如:

CLEAR_VARS:用来清除之前定义的环境变量

BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY:用来指定编译动态库过程

109 # ---------------------------------------------------------------
    110 # Define most of the global variables. These are the ones that
    111 # are specific to the user's build configuration.
    112 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/envsetup.mk
    113
    114 # Boards may be defined under $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/$(TARGET_DEVICE)
    115 # or under vendor/*/$(TARGET_DEVICE). Search in both places, but
    116 # make sure only one exists.
    117 # Real boards should always be associated with an OEM vendor.
    118 board_config_mk := \
    119 $(strip $(wildcard \
    120 $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/board/$(TARGET_DEVICE)/BoardConfig.mk \
    121 vendor/*/$(TARGET_DEVICE)/BoardConfig.mk \
    122 ))
    123 ifeq ($(board_config_mk),)
    124 $(error No config file found for TARGET_DEVICE $(TARGET_DEVICE))
    125 endif
    126 ifneq ($(words $(board_config_mk)),1)
    127 $(error Multiple board config files for TARGET_DEVICE $(TARGET_DEVICE): $(board_config_mk))
    128 endif
    129 include $(board_config_mk)
    130 TARGET_DEVICE_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(board_config_mk)))
    131 board_config_mk :=
    112行又包含了另外一个重要的mk文件envsetup.mk,我们来看一下。

3、envsetup.mk

25 ifeq ($(TARGET_PRODUCT),) #判断TARGET_PRODUCT是否为空,
    26 ifeq ($(TARGET_SIMULATOR),true)
    27 TARGET_PRODUCT := sim
    28 else
    29 TARGET_PRODUCT := generic
    30 endif
     31 endif

第25行,判断TARGET_PRODUCT是否为空,根据上一节分析可知,TARGET_PRODUCT=fs100
    34 # the variant -- the set of files that are included for a build
    35 ifeq ($(strip $(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)),)
     36 TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT := eng
    37 endif
     38
    39 # Read the product specs so we an get TARGET_DEVICE and other
    40 # variables that we need in order to locate the output files.
    41 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/product_config.mk

在41行又包含了product_config.mk文件,等会我们再分析它,先看下面的

148 # ---------------------------------------------------------------
    149 # figure out the output directories
    150
    151 ifeq (,$(strip $(OUT_DIR)))
    152 OUT_DIR := $(TOPDIR)out
    153 endif
    154
    155 DEBUG_OUT_DIR := $(OUT_DIR)/debug
    156
    157 # Move the host or target under the debug/ directory
    158 # if necessary.
    159 TARGET_OUT_ROOT_release := $(OUT_DIR)/target
    160 TARGET_OUT_ROOT_debug := $(DEBUG_OUT_DIR)/target
    161 TARGET_OUT_ROOT := $(TARGET_OUT_ROOT_$(TARGET_BUILD_TYPE))
    162
    ...
    184 PRODUCT_OUT := $(TARGET_PRODUCT_OUT_ROOT)/$(TARGET_DEVICE)
    187
    188 HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES:= $(HOST_OUT)/bin
    189 HOST_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES:= $(HOST_OUT)/lib
    190 HOST_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES:= $(HOST_OUT)/framework
    191 HOST_OUT_SDK_ADDON := $(HOST_OUT)/sdk_addon
    ...
    200 TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj
    201 TARGET_OUT_HEADERS:= $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/include
    202 TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATE_LIBRARIES := $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/lib
    203 TARGET_OUT_COMMON_INTERMEDIATES := $(TARGET_COMMON_OUT_ROOT)/obj
    204
    205 TARGET_OUT := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system
    206 TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES:= $(TARGET_OUT)/bin
    207 TARGET_OUT_OPTIONAL_EXECUTABLES:= $(TARGET_OUT)/xbin
    208 TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT)/lib
    209 TARGET_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT)/framework
    210 TARGET_OUT_APPS:= $(TARGET_OUT)/app
    211 TARGET_OUT_KEYLAYOUT := $(TARGET_OUT)/usr/keylayout
    212 TARGET_OUT_KEYCHARS := $(TARGET_OUT)/usr/keychars
    213 TARGET_OUT_ETC := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc
    214 TARGET_OUT_STATIC_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/lib
    215 TARGET_OUT_NOTICE_FILES:=$(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATES)/NOTICE_FILES
    216
    217 TARGET_OUT_DATA := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/data
    218 TARGET_OUT_DATA_EXECUTABLES:= $(TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES)
    219 TARGET_OUT_DATA_SHARED_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
    220 TARGET_OUT_DATA_JAVA_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES)
    221 TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS:= $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/app
    222 TARGET_OUT_DATA_KEYLAYOUT := $(TARGET_OUT_KEYLAYOUT)
    223 TARGET_OUT_DATA_KEYCHARS := $(TARGET_OUT_KEYCHARS)
    224 TARGET_OUT_DATA_ETC := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
    225 TARGET_OUT_DATA_STATIC_LIBRARIES:= $(TARGET_OUT_STATIC_LIBRARIES)
    226
    227 TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/symbols
    228 TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES_UNSTRIPPED := $(TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)/system/bin
    229 TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES_UNSTRIPPED := $(TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)/system/lib
    230 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_UNSTRIPPED := $(TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)
    231 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN_UNSTRIPPED := $(TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)/sbin
    232 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_BIN_UNSTRIPPED := $(TARGET_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)/bin
    233
    234 TARGET_ROOT_OUT := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/root
    235 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_BIN := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/bin
    236 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin
    237 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_ETC := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/etc
    238 TARGET_ROOT_OUT_USR := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/usr
    239
    240 TARGET_RECOVERY_OUT := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/recovery
    241 TARGET_RECOVERY_ROOT_OUT := $(TARGET_RECOVERY_OUT)/root
    242
    243 TARGET_SYSLOADER_OUT := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/sysloader
    244 TARGET_SYSLOADER_ROOT_OUT := $(TARGET_SYSLOADER_OUT)/root
    245 TARGET_SYSLOADER_SYSTEM_OUT := $(TARGET_SYSLOADER_OUT)/root/system
    246
    247 TARGET_INSTALLER_OUT := $(PRODUCT_OUT)/installer
    248 TARGET_INSTALLER_DATA_OUT := $(TARGET_INSTALLER_OUT)/data
    249 TARGET_INSTALLER_ROOT_OUT := $(TARGET_INSTALLER_OUT)/root
    250 TARGET_INSTALLER_SYSTEM_OUT := $(TARGET_INSTALLER_OUT)/root/system

上面的代码是指定了目标输出代码的位置和主机输出代码的位置,重要的几个如下:

PRODUCT_OUT = 这个的结果要根据product_config.mk文件内容来决定,其实是out/target/product/fs100/
    TARGET_OUT = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system
    TARGET_OUT_EXECUTABLES = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/bin
    TARGET_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/lib
    TARGET_OUT_JAVA_LIBRARIES = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/framework
    TARGET_OUT_APPS = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/app
    TARGET_OUT_ETC = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc
    TARGET_OUT_STATIC_LIBRARIES = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/obj/lib
    TARGET_OUT_DATA = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/data
    TARGET_OUT_DATA_APPS = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/data/app
    TARGET_ROOT_OUT = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/root
    TARGET_ROOT_OUT_BIN = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/bin
    TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/sbin
    TARGET_ROOT_OUT_ETC = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc
    TARGET_ROOT_OUT_USR = $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/usr

总结下:

envsetup.mk文件主要包含了product_config.mk文件,然后指定了编译时要输出的所有文件的OUT目录。

4、 build/core/product_config.mk

157 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/product.mk
    ...
    160 # Read in all of the product definitions specified by the AndroidProducts.mk
    161 # files in the tree.
    162 #
    163 #TODO: when we start allowing direct pointers to product files,
    164 # guarantee that they're in this list.
    165 $(call import-products, $(get-all-product-makefiles))
    166 $(check-all-products)
    ...
    170 # Convert a short name like "sooner" into the path to the product
    171 # file defining that product.
    172 #
    173 INTERNAL_PRODUCT := $(call resolve-short-product-name, $(TARGET_PRODUCT))
    ...
    176 # Find the device that this product maps to.
    177 TARGET_DEVICE := $(PRODUCTS.$(INTERNAL_PRODUCT).PRODUCT_DEVICE)157行,我靠,又包含了product.mk文件

165行,调用函数import-products, $(get-all-product-makefiles),这儿我们看上面的注释:

Read in all of the product definitions specified by the AndroidProducts.mk files in the tree.
    TODO: when we start allowing direct pointers to product files, guarantee that they're in this list.

意思是说:读取指定的目录下所有的AndrodProducts.mk文件中定义的产品信息

其实get-all-product-makefiles返回所有的产品文件xxx.mk

import-products函数去验证这些产品配置文件是否都包含有必须的配置信息,细节后面分析。

173行调用了resolve-short-product-name函数,它将返回TARGET_PRODUCT产品的配置文件目录,并赋给INTERNAL_PRODUCT

也就是说:

INTERNAL_PRODUCT = vendor/farsight/products/fs100.mk

TARGET_DEVICE = fs100

如果调试看其结果,可以在167行,将#$(dump-product)取消注释

然后在175行添加: $(info $(INTERNAL_PRODUCT))

在178行添加: $(info $(TARGET_DEVICE )),查看调试结果。

总结一下:

product_config.mk主要读取vendor目录下不同厂商自己定义的AndrodProducts.mk文件,从该文件里取得所有产品的配置文件,然后再根据lunch选择的编译项TARGET_PRODUCT,找到与之对应的配置文件,然后设置TARGET_DEVICE变量,用于后续编译。

5、 build/core/product.mk

17 #
    18 # Functions for including AndroidProducts.mk files
    19 #
    20
    21 #
    22 # Returns the list of all AndroidProducts.mk files.
    23 # $(call ) isn't necessary.
    24 #
    25 define <strong>_find-android-products-files</strong>
    26 $(shell test -d vendor && find vendor -maxdepth 6 -name AndroidProducts.mk) \
    27 $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/AndroidProducts.mk
    28 endef
    29
    30 #
    31 # Returns the sorted concatenation of all PRODUCT_MAKEFILES
    32 # variables set in all AndroidProducts.mk files.
    33 # $(call ) isn't necessary.
    34 #
    35 define <strong>get-all-product-makefiles</strong>
    36 $(sort \
    37 $(foreach f,$(_find-android-products-files), \
    38 $(eval PRODUCT_MAKEFILES :=) \
    39 $(eval LOCAL_DIR := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(f)))) \
    40 $(eval include $(f)) \
    41 $(PRODUCT_MAKEFILES) \
    42 ) \
    43 $(eval PRODUCT_MAKEFILES :=) \
    44 $(eval LOCAL_DIR :=) \
    45 )
    46 endef通过注释可知,本文件中主要是一些用来处理AndroidProduct.mk的函数

 _find-android-products-files:

用来获得vendor目录下,所有名字为AndroidProduct.mk的文件列表。

get-all-product-makefiles:

用来获得所有AndroidProduct.mk文件里定义的PRODUCT_MAKEFILES的值(其实是产品文件路径名)。

在vendor目录下,每个公司目录下都会存在一个AndroidProduct.mk文件,这个文件是用来定义这个公司的产品列表,每个产品用<product_name>.mk来表示,  如Android给的示例:

vendor/sample/products/AndroidProduct.mk。其内容如下:

1 #
    2 # This file should set PRODUCT_MAKEFILES to a list of product makefiles
    3 # to expose to the build system. LOCAL_DIR will already be set to
    4 # the directory containing this file.
    5 #
    6 # This file may not rely on the value of any variable other than
    7 # LOCAL_DIR; do not use any conditionals, and do not look up the
     8 # value of any variable that isn't set in this file or in a file that
    9 # it includes.
    10 #
    11
     12 PRODUCT_MAKEFILES := \
     13 $(LOCAL_DIR)/sample_addon.mk里面只定义了一个产品配置文件,即当前目录下的sample_addon.mk:
    1 # List of apps and optional libraries (Java and native) to put in the add-on system image.
    2 PRODUCT_PACKAGES := \
    3 PlatformLibraryClient \
    4 com.example.android.platform_library \
    5 libplatform_library_jni

上述文件里定义了产品相关个性化信息,如,PRODUCT_PACKAGES表示要在当前产品里添加一些安装包。由此可见,get-all-product-makefiles函数,其实就是返回了当前公司里全部的产品对应的mk文件列表。

总结:

如果用户想个性定制自己的产品,应该有以下流程,包含上一节内容:

1. 创建公司目录

#mkdir vendor/farsight

2. 创建一个vendorsetup.sh文件,将当前产品编译项添加到lunch里,让lunch能找到用户个性定制编译项

#echo "add_lunch_combo fs100-eng" > vendor/farsight/vendorsetup.sh

3. 仿着Android示例代码,在公司目录下创建products目录

#mkdir -p vendor/farsight/products

4. 仿着Android示例代码,在products目录下创建两个mk文件

#touch vendor/farsight/products/AndroidProduct.mk vendor/farsight/products/fs100.mk

在AndroidProduct.mk里添加如下内容:

PRODUCT_MAKEFILES := $(LOCAL_DIR)/fs100.mk表示只有一个产品fs100,它对应的配置文件在当前目录下的fs100.mk。

5.在产品配置文件里添加基本信息

1
    2 PRODUCT_PACKAGES := \
    3 IM \
    4 VoiceDialer
    5
    6 $(call inherit-product, build/target/product/generic.mk) ##从某一默认配置开始派生余下内容参考派生起点
    7
    8 # Overrides
    9 PRODUCT_MANUFACTURER := farsight
    10 PRODUCT_NAME := fs100
    11 PRODUCT_DEVICE := fs100

 
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